by ElSecundo » Tue Mar 26, 2013 5:45 pm
OK guys, here goes nothin'. Sorry, Dennis. You might want to look away at this time. :)
David, first we start with the concept of a magnetic 'dipole'. A magnetic field always has a north and south pole, and there's no such thing as a magnetic monopole -- there is no magnet with just a magnetic north, or just a magnetic south. Just as important, each atom is essentially a tiny magnet. You know that there's a nucleus, you know that electrons are whizzing around the nucleus, and this gives each atom an electrical component and a magnetic component. Details not needed for this piece, but it's important to know that each atom is a magnetic dipole.
Second, what we call 'solid' matter is anything but solid. Looking at the simplest atom (hydrogen) with one proton and one electron: if we scaled this atom up until the proton was the size of a BB, and placed the BB at the 50 yard line of a football field, the single electron would be 1836 times smaller than the BB, and would be moving around that BB at an average distance that would put it in the endzone. All that empty space is the 'electron cloud', basically the electrical field of the atom. When two atoms collide, their nuclei don't get close to each other -- the electrical fields repel each other long before the nuclei get close. What we call contact, or collision, is just the electron fields pushing each other away.
The upshot of that is what we consider to be 'solid' like a piece of metal, or, say, a magnet isn't solid. There is a tremendous range of motion, and anything above the temperature of absolute zero is in a constant state of vibration. So if you hold a piece of metal in your hand, you're holding a collection of atoms contained in a fairly loose lattice, mostly empty space and free to move....and each of these atoms is a tiny magnet.
So if each atom is a tiny magnet, why isn’t everything magnetic? Each of these tiny magnets is randomly aligned, and the combined magnetic fields are pointed all over the place. To create a magnet, a large number of these tiny magnetic dipoles have to be aligned together. The combined effect of all these aligned dipoles is a directed magnetic field, and we have what we’d call a magnet.
We have a permanent magnet when a large portion of these dipoles are aligned, and then they are locked into position. The most common way to create a magnet is to heat iron (making atoms more free to move), exposing the iron to a magnetic field which forces these dipoles to align, then suddenly cooling the iron, which more or less locks the dipoles in their aligned positions.
And that’s the key to the question. To change a magnet’s magnetic field, we need to expose it to a magnetic field to align (or misalign) the dipoles. An external magnetic field is needed to change the dipole alignment – so putting a magnet against material with no net magnetic field (a piece of steel) doesn’t misalign the dipole alignment. But when the HO guys talk about ‘zapping’ magnets, they are exposing their magnets to a stronger magnetic field to realign the dipoles.
Sorry for the long explanation, but does that help at all?